Climate Governance
the value of BNDES for more effective public policies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70622/2236-8957.2026.636Keywords:
climate governance, public policies, public financing, institutional capacitiesAbstract
Effective climate governance requires increased access to public financial resources for mitigation and adaptation actions. This study explores the role of BNDES (Brazilian Development Bank) as an instrument for implementing the National Policy on Climate Change, assessing the necessary institutional capacities in the public and private sectors to mobilize funds and ensure a just climate transition. This is based on a content analysis of the IPCC AR6 (2023) report, the Brazilian NDC (2023), and BNDES documents (2024) related to the Climate Fund, FGI (Guaranteed Investment Fund), and the 2020-2024 green portfolio, according to the theoretical frameworks of the most recent literature on state capacities and governance. It is observed that BNDES is a key actor in accelerating the climate agenda, but the effectiveness of public climate policies depends on the development of institutional capacities of subnational entities and the improvement of governance and transparency by private companies, to ensure greater legitimacy and climate justice in Brazil.
References
ARRETCHE, M. Democracia, federalismo e centralização no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Editora FGV; Editora Fiocruz, 2012.
BNDES. Estatuto Social do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social. Rio de Janeiro: BNDES, 2022a.
BNDES. Fundo Amazônia: relatório de atividades 2023. Rio de Janeiro: BNDES, 2023.
BNDES. Fundo Clima: relatório de gestão 1º semestre 2024. Rio de Janeiro: BNDES, 2024a.
BNDES. Fundo Garantidor para Investimentos – FGI: demonstrações financeiras 2023. Rio de Janeiro: BNDES, 2024b.
BNDES. Planejamento estratégico: diretrizes estratégicas. Rio de Janeiro: BNDES, 2025.
BNDES. Política socioambiental do Sistema BNDES. Rio de Janeiro: BNDES, 2022b.
BNDES. Relatório Anual 2023. Rio de Janeiro: BNDES, 2024c.
BNDES. Relatório de efetividade 2020-2023. Rio de Janeiro: BNDES, 2024d.
BRASIL. Decreto nº 9.203, de 22 de novembro de 2017. Dispõe sobre a política de governança da administração pública federal direta, autárquica e fundacional. Brasília, DF: Presidência da República, 2017.
BRASIL. Lei nº 12.114, de 9 de dezembro de 2009. Cria o Fundo Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima. Brasília, DF: Presidência da República, 2009.
BRASIL. Lei nº 14.904, de 27 de junho de 2024. Institui a Política Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima. Brasília, DF: Presidência da República, 2024.
BRASIL. Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Contribuição nacionalmente determinada – NDC. Brasília, DF: MRE, 2023a.
BRASIL. Tribunal de Contas da União. Acórdão 1.234/2023-Plenário. Auditoria operacional no Fundo Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima. Brasília, DF: TCU, 2023b.
BRASIL. Tribunal de Contas da União. Referencial para avaliação de governança em políticas públicas. Brasília, DF: TCU, 2014.
EVANS, P. B. The state as problem and solution: predation, embedded autonomy, and structural change. In: HAGGARD, S.; KAUFMAN, R. R. (ed.). The politics of economic adjustment. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992. p. 139-181.
GEDDES, A.; SCHMIDT, T. S.; STEFFEN, B. The multiple roles of state investment banks in low-carbon energy finance: an analysis of Australia, Germany and the United Kingdom. Energy Policy, Oxford, v. 115, p. 558-568, 2018.
GOMIDE, A. A.; PIRES, R. R. C. Capacidades estatais e políticas públicas: uma abordagem relacional. In: GOMIDE, A. A.; PIRES, R. R. C. (org.). Capacidades estatais e políticas públicas: desafios contemporâneos. Brasília, DF: IPEA, 2014. p. 19-46.
GUPTA, Joyeeta. The governance of climate change: a multi-level approach. London: Routledge, 2019.
HOCHSTETLER, K. Climate institutions in Brazil: three decades of building and dismantling climate capacity. Environmental Politics, Abingdon, v. 30, sup.1, p. 49-70, 2021.
IPCC. Climate change 2023: synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, H. Lee and J. Romero (ed.)]. Geneva: IPCC, 2023.
LASCOUMES, P.; LE GALÈS, P. A ação pública abordada pelos seus instrumentos. Revista Pós Ciências Sociais, São Luís, v. 9, n. 18, p. 19-44, 2012.
LOTTA, G. S.; VAZ, J. C. Arranjos institucionais de políticas públicas: aprendizados a partir de casos de arranjos institucionais complexos no Brasil. Brasília, DF: IPEA, 2015.
MAZZUCATO, Mariana. Financing the SDGs through Mission-Oriented Banks. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2021.
OCDE. Diretrizes da OCDE para empresas multinacionais sobre conduta empresarial responsável. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2023.
TCFD. Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures: 2023 status report. Basel: Financial Stability Board, 2023.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Humberto Eustáquio César Mota Filho

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this Journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the Journal of Constitutional Research the right of first publication with the article simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0 International which allows sharing the work with recognition of the authors and its initial publication in this Journal.
- Authors are able to take on additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the paper published in this Journal (eg.: publishing in institutional repository or as a book), with a recognition of its initial publication in this Journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish their work online (eg.: in institutional repositories or on their personal website) at any point before or during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as increase the impact and the citation of the published work (see the Effect of Open Access).










