O MOVIMENTO INTERNACIONAL DA CRUZ VERMELHA E DO CRESCENTE VERMELHO
Keywords:
history of the red cross, war law, international humanitarian law, international organizations, conferences of genevaAbstract
The Red Cross was originally created by a single man, Henry Dunant. He has conceived it during the cruel battle of Solferino, for the unification of Italy. The situation of thousands of helpless wounded demanded a neutral international organization to assist them. Such an organization was born in the 1st Conference of Geneva in 1863 and, thereafter, has begun not only to take care of the war casualties but also to develop the humanitarian law. With World War I and II, it has spread out all over the world. The Conferences of Geneva in the beginning of the XX century became notorious for creating the main headlines of humanitarian law, which helped to control the violence of armed conflicts. Its structure is decentralized and every country has its own independent organization. Nevertheless, its unity and coherence are granted by the International Red Cross Comity in Geneva, which defines its fundamental principles. Among them, the principle of “humanity” summarizes and orients the others.
References
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